After taking an extensive history and performing multiple clinical examinations in consultation with allied health staff, you come to the conclusion that Callum has a diagnosis of foetal alcohol spectrum disorder. His mother is mortified about the situation and isn’t sure what this will mean for Callum (both now and in the future) as well as the family.

Callum is a 6 year old boy who has been referred to paediatrics by his GP due to school concerns regarding his poor attention span and difficulty with learning and remembering new information. Whilst his peers in year 1 are working on their sight words, Callum is unable to recognize any sight words. He is described as a very social and talkative child although he doesn’t appear to always understand tasks despite being able to repeat the instructions. His parents are concerned as Callum’s older sibling also has learning difficulties.